94. Tensorflow-2 安装

• Windows环境

  1. 安装 CUDA 和 cudnn

1. 安装 CUDA

   1. 查看显卡信息，下载对应的cuda，点击这里下载

      各个版本
      

      最高的版本：低事实最高版本一个级别
      
      最好低最高版本低几个版本。

   2. 安装cuda，勾掉以下3个：

      1. NVIDIA Geforce Experience ……
      2. CUDA 下 Visual Studio ……
      3. driver …… 下 display driver

   3. 其他默认即可

   4. 注意：版本对照等重要信息见文末的参考资料

      问题:我的显卡比10.1大，但是没问题，

2. 安装 cudnn

   1. 下载和 CUDA 对应的版本（建议不要下载最新的，看好官方文档在决定下载哪个）点击这里下载
   2. 解压
   3. 该文件名为 cudnn
   4. 复制到目录：C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v10.2 下

3. 添加环境变量，详见参考资料

2. 安装 Tensorflow

1. 安装 Tensorflow-cpu 版：

   pip install --upgrade tensorflow

2. 安装 Tensorflow-gpu 版：

   pip install --upgrade tensorflow-gpu

   3. 报错

3. 报错信息：

   Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 18, in swig_import_helper
   return importlib.import_module(mname)
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
   return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _gcd_import
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 666, in _load_unlocked
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 577, in module_from_spec
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 906, in create_module
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
   ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。
    
    
   During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
    
    
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 41, in <module>
   from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 21, in <module>
   _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 20, in swig_import_helper
   return importlib.import_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal')
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
   return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
   ImportError: No module named '_pywrap_tensorflow_internal'
    
    
   During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
    
    
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
   from tensorflow.python import *
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\__init__.py", line 51, in <module>
   from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 52, in <module>
   raise ImportError(msg)
   ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 18, in swig_import_helper
   return importlib.import_module(mname)
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
   return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _gcd_import
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 666, in _load_unlocked
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 577, in module_from_spec
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 906, in create_module
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
   ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。
    
    
   During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
    
    
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 41, in <module>
   from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 21, in <module>
   _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 20, in swig_import_helper
   return importlib.import_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal')
   File "C:\Users\toy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
   return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
   ImportError: No module named '_pywrap_tensorflow_internal'
    
   Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.
    
   See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/install_sources#common_installation_problems
    
   for some common reasons and solutions. Include the entire stack trace
   above this error message when asking for help.

4. 安装 vs2019即可：
5. 选中：
   1. 通用 Windows 平台开发
   2. .NET 桌面开发
   3. ASP.NET 和 Web开发

4. 检测是不是用的 GPU:

1. tf.test.is_gpu_available()
2. 如下：

from tensorflow.python.client import device_lib

print(device_lib.list_local_devices())

参考资料

参考视频 1kc2

安装文件 qlgj

• Ubuntu环境

1. 安装 CUDA

   1. 查看显卡信息

      $ nvidia-smi

      会得到以下信息:
      
      其中:
      

      	版本
      显卡驱动	450.51.05
      cuda	11.0

      Note:
      

      1. 若没有安装过NVIDIA，那么 nvidia-smi 会报错，可直接安装cuda，因为cuda会自动安装显卡驱动
         
      2. 若安装完cuda， nvidia-smi 仍报错，那么重启就可以了。

   2. 下载cuda 点击这里下载

      注意：选择和自己系统相匹配的（在下安装的是11.0）

      网站会给出相应的安装命令，如下：

      wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/cuda-ubuntu1804.pin
      sudo mv cuda-ubuntu1804.pin /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
      wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.0.2/local_installers/cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-11-0-local_11.0.2-450.51.05-1_amd64.deb
      sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-11-0-local_11.0.2-450.51.05-1_amd64.deb
      sudo apt-key add /var/cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-11-0-local/7fa2af80.pub
      sudo apt-get update
      sudo apt-get -y install cuda

      Note: 若 wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.0.2/local_installers/cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-11-0-local_11.0.2-450.51.05-1_amd64.deb 下载太慢，那么用浏览器打开 wget 后面的网址即可浏览器下载。

2. 添加 cudnn 环境变量

   1. 下载

      点击下载

      Note: 一定要下载与cuda相对应的版本，如：cuDNN Library for Linux (x86_64)

   2. 配置环境变量

      1. 在 .bashrc 添加如下：

         export PATH="/usr/local/<cuda-11.0>/bin/:$PATH"
         export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/<你的用户名>/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" # cudnn解压的路径

3. 查看cuda和cudnn是否安装成功

   nvcc -V

   如果安装成功会得到以下信息：

   nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
   Copyright (c) 2005-2020 NVIDIA Corporation
   Built on Thu_Jun_11_22:26:38_PDT_2020
   Cuda compilation tools, release 11.0, V11.0.194
   Build cuda_11.0_bu.TC445_37.28540450_0

4. 安装 tensorflow
   点击这里查看github教程

   Note:
   
   最好使用科学上网

5. 检测 tensorflow-gpu 是否安装成功

   import tensorflow as tf
   
   print(tf.test.is_gpu_available())

   参考视频 s3rv

   安装文件 a91m